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New Synagogue, Žilina
The New Synagogue (Slovak: Nová Synagóga) of Žilina, Slovakia, was constructed between 1928 and 1931 to the designs of the German modernist architect Peter Behrens. It is sometimes referred to as the Neological or Neolog Synagogue (Slovak: Neologická synagóga or Synagóga Neológov), as it housed the Neolog (Reform Judaism) congregation of the town. Completed eight years before World War II, which almost obliterated the Jewish population of Slovakia,〔The Jewish population of Slovakia fell from 136,737 in 1930 to about 30,000 in 1946. See ("Czechoslovakia" ), ''The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe'', accessed 30 July 2015.〕 it has been called "the last Slovak synagogue".〔Dulla (2004), 199.〕
==Background==
The town of Žilina had been resistant to Jewish settlers and by the middle of the nineteenth century, only two Jewish families lived there.〔Anon (2007).〕 An early synagogue of c. 1860 was replaced by a new one in 1880.〔Anon (n.d.)〕 The Jewish community in Žilina continued to grow, reaching about 3,000 in the early 1930s.〔Ďuriníková (2012), 17.〕 During the 1920s an international competition was launched for a modern synagogue for the Reform Judaism congregation; competitors included Lipot Baumhorn and Josef Hoffmann. The competition was won by the architect and designer Peter Behrens (1868–1940) and the synagogue was constructed between 1928 and 1931.〔Borský (2007), 160.〕 In 1934 Behrens joined the Nazi Party and later worked on Hitler's plans for redesigning Berlin.〔("Peter Behrens" ), Royal Institute of British Architects website, accessed 24 July 2015.〕
After World War II, from which only 600 Jews returned to the city, the building was taken over by the town for cultural purposes, including an assembly hall for Žilina University and a cinema.〔Anon (n.d.)〕〔Borský (2007), 160.〕
Since 2012 the synagogue has been partially restored and is currently in use as an art gallery and cultural centre.〔Anon (n.d.)〕
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